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Education System of Romania
INSTITUTION TYPES & CREDENTIALS Types of higher education institutions: Universitate (University) Academie (Academy) Colegiu (College) School leaving and higher education credentials: Diplomă de Bacalaureat Diplomă de Absolvire Diplomă de Arhitect Diplomă de Inginer Diplomă de Licenţă Diplomă de Master Diplomă de Studii Post-Universitare de Specializare Diplomă de Studii Aprofundate Diplomă de Doctor STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION SYSTEM Pre-higher education: Duration of compulsory education: Age of entry: 6 Age of exit: 16 Structure of school system: Primary Type of school providing this education: Şcoala Primară Length of program in years: 4 Age level from: 6 to: 10 Lower Secondary Type of school providing this education: Gimnaziu+ Lower cycle of high school or Gimnaziu+ "arts and trade schools" (vocational) - Grades 5 to 10 Length of program in years: 6 Age level from: 10 to: 16 Certificate/diploma awarded: Certificat de Capacitate Upper Secondary Type of school providing this education: Upper cycle of high school, Grades 11-12 or 13 Length of program in years: 3 Age level from: 16 to: 19 Certificate/diploma awarded: Diploma de Bacalaureat Vocational Type of school providing this education: Şcoala Profesională Length of program in years: 2 Age level from: 15 to: 17 Certificate/diploma awarded: Certificat de Absolvire Vocational Type of school providing this education: Liceu de Specialitate Length of program in years: 4 Age level from: 15 to: 19 Certificate/diploma awarded: Diploma de Bacalaureat + (Atestat) de (Vocational Certificate) Specialized Tech./Voc. Type of school providing this education: Şcoala Post-Liceală Length of program in years: 3 Age level from: 19 to: 22 Certificate/diploma awarded: Diploma de Absolvire a şcolii Post-Liceale de Specialitate School education: Primary education lasts for four years. Secondary education consists in: 1) lower secondary school education organized in Gymnaziu for grades 5 to 8 and Ciclul inferior al liceului (lower cycle of highschool) or Arts and trades schools (vocational) for grades 9 and 10. 2) upper secondary school education organized in Ciclul superior al liceului for grades 11, 12 and 13 followed, if necessary, by an additional high school year for those who want to move from vocational training (grade 10) to upper secondary school education. High school education (lower cycle of high school and upper secondary school education) offers three different orientations (academic, technological, specialization). Higher education: Higher education in Romania is offered in both public and private higher education institutions. These include universities, academies and colleges organized in specialized departments. In accordance with its objectives, university education comprises: short university education offered by university colleges (3 years), long university education (4 to 6 years) and postgraduate university education (1 to 2 years). Public higher education institutions are coordinated by the Ministry of Education and Research. University autonomy is fully guaranteed. Private higher education is an alternative to public education. It is subject to an accreditation process. Accredited private institutions may obtain state support. Main laws/decrees governing higher education: Decree: Government Decision no 37/1999 concerning doctoral studies Year: 1999 Decree: Law no. 287/2004 on University Consortium Year: 2004 Decree: Law no. 88/1993 on Accreditation of H. Ed. Institutions & Recognition of Diplomas modified 144/1999 Year: 1999 Concerns: All higher education institutions Decree: Law on Education no. 84/1995 modified 151/1999 Year: 1999 Concerns: All higher education institutions Academic year: Classes from: Oct to: Jun Long vacation from: 15 Jul to: 1 Oct Languages of instruction: Romanian Stages of studies:
University level studies: University level first stage: Diplomă de Absolvire; Diplomă de Licenţă: The first stage of university-level study comprises short-term (3 years) or long-term diplomas (4 to 6 years, according to the field of study). University level second stage: Diplomă de Studii Aprofundate; Master; Specialization: The second stage is composed of diplomas awarded after one to two years of studies which may include research work. University level third stage: Doctoral studies: The Doctorate in Romania is the highest postgraduate stage of professional specialization and lasts for 4 - 6 years. There is only one type of Doctorate. Doctoral studies can be carried out either in full-time courses (up to four years) or in extra-mural courses (up to six years). Extra-mural courses can also be offered in main foreign languages. Candidates who have passed the examination for the Doctor's Degree (Doctorate) are awarded the Diploma de Doctor în Stiinţe. Teacher education: Training of pre-primary and primary/basic school teachers Pre-primary teachers and primary school teachers are trained in pedogogical high schools. Training of secondary school teachers Secondary-school teachers for lower secondary education need a degree from short term higher education and Secondary-school teachers for upper secondary a degree from long term higher education. All the above mentioned categories of teachers must have completed the pedagogical module (during university courses or at least 5 years after graduation) and the special training programmes corresponding to each qualification. Training of higher education teachers Higher education teachers (preparatori, lectori asistenţi, lectori conferentiari, profesori asociaţi, profesori, şi profesori consultanţi) are appointed on a competitive basis from among graduates of higher education institutions who have demonstrated outstanding teaching and research qualities. Most candidates seeking positions as teachers in higher education are engaged in or have completed doctoral studies. Possession of a Doctor's Degree is compulsory for senior appointments such as lector, confentiari and profesori. Asistenti should be Ph.D. candidates. Non-traditional studies: Distance higher education A National Centre for Open Distance Education has been created in all universities. Lifelong higher education The Law 375/2002 approving the Governmental Ordinance 129/2000 stipulates that private and public institutions can provide adult vocational training if accredited following a special methodology. The National Council for Adult Vocational Training constituted by Law 132/1999 is composed of representatives from the Ministry of Labour, Social Solidarity and Family, the Ministry of Education and Research, national employers' associations and union organizations. NATIONAL BODIES Administration & co-ordination: Responsible authorities: Ministry of Education and Research Head: Miclea Mircea, Minister Administrative officer: Paloma Petrescu, State Secretary, Pre-university Education 28-30,
General Berthelot Street Tel: +40 (21) 310 4320 EMail: mirceamiclea@mec.edu.ro WWW: http://www.edu.ro Role of governing body: Management of the national system of education and research (cf. Decision 223/2005 on the organization and functioning of the Ministry). Romanian Council of Rectors Head: Ecaterina Andronescu, President Splaiul
Independentei 313 Tel: +40(21) 410 0391 Fax: +40(21) 411 5365 EMail: e_andronescu@rectorat.pub.ro WWW: http://www.pub.ro NCAA - National Council for Academic Assessment and Accreditation Head: Ioan Mikailescu, President Strada
Schitu Măgureanu 1 Tel: +40(21) 206 7600 Fax: +40(21) 312 7135 EMail: mail@cneaa.ro WWW: http://www.cneaa.ro Role of governing body: The NCAA is established by Law 88/1994 to evaluate every study programme, faculty and institution from the national higher education area. There are specific standards on 5 indicators to evaluate: teaching staff, teaching plan with study curricula, scientific research, infrastructure, administrative and financial activity. All new programmes must be evaluated by NCAA and obtain the provisional operation licence before they start academic activities. Every study programme must be re-evaluated for accreditation three years after a study cycle in provisional operation. NCAA also evaluates the accredited study programmes every 5 years. ADMISSIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION Admission to non university higher education studies Name of secondary school credential required: Diplomă de Bacalaureat For entry to: All post-secondary schools Admission to university-level studies Name of secondary school credential required: Diplomă de Bacalaureat Minimum score/requirement: 6 For entry to: University Foreign students admission Definition of foreign student: A foreign student is a student who does not have Romanian citizenship. Admission requirements: Foreign students must hold the Baccalaureate or an equivalent qualification. The diploma must be authentified in the country of origin. Entry regulations: Students must hold a visa which is granted on presentation of the written confirmation of their admission. Health requirements: Health visa. Language requirements: Usually, students follow a preparatory course in Romanian. Also accredited programmes in foreign languages. Application procedures: Apply to national body for entry to: All types of institutions and programmes. Apply to: Department for International Relations, Ministry of Education and Research 12, Spiru Haret Tel: +40(1) 313 1013 Fax: +40(1) 312 6614 Recognition of studies & qualifications: Studies pursued in home country (System of recognition/accreditation): All courses of studies and credentials obtained from a Romanian State accredited higher education institution are recognized by the State. Studies pursued in foreign countries (bodies dealing with recognition of foreign credentials): National Centre of Diploma Recognition, Ministry of Education Head: Daniela Gîrbea, Director 30
General Berthelot Street Tel: +40(21) 313 2677 Fax: +40(21) 313 2677 EMail: girbea@mec.edu.ro Deals with credential recognition for entry to: University and Profession Services provided & students dealt with: http://www.edu.ro/cnred.htm Special provisions for recognition: For access to university level studies: For recognition purposes, the following data are taken into consideration: ECTS, level of the diploma, diploma supplement. Multilateral agreements concerning recognition of foreign studies Name of agreement: UNESCO and Council of Europe Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the Europe Region References to further information on foreign student admissions and recognition of studies Title: Study in Romania: A guide for foreigners (English, French) I and II Author: Ministry of National Education Year of publication: 2000 STUDENT LIFE Main student services at national level Agenţia Socială a Studenţilor Calea Plevnei nr. 61,
etaj. 1, sector 1 Tel: +40(21) 315 7165 EMail: office@agentiastudentilor.ro WWW: http://www.agentiastudentilor.ro Category of services provided: Social and welfare services Services available to foreign Students: Yes Health/social provisions Social security for home students: Yes Social security for foreign students: Yes Special student travel fares: By road: Yes By rail: Yes By air: No Available to foreign students: No Student expenses and financial aid Student costs: Home students tuition fees: Minimum: 16081000 (Leu) Maximum: 86419000 (Leu) Foreign students tuition fees: Minimum: 3200 (US Dollar) Maximum: 7600 (US Dollar) Type of financial aid available: Scholarships/grants/fellowships: Higher vocational/technical studies: Home: Yes Foreign: Yes First Degree studies: Home: Yes Foreign: Yes Advanced/doctoral studies: Home: Yes Foreign: Yes Loans: Higher vocational/technical studies: Home: Yes Foreign: Yes First degree studies: Home: Yes Foreign: Yes Advanced/doctoral studies: Home: Yes Foreign: Yes Bodies providing information on student financial aid: General Directorate for Higher Education, Ministry of Education and Research 30 General Berthelot
Street Tel: +40(21) 315 7430 int. 325 Fax: +40(21) 312 2652 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION & EXCHANGES Principal national bodies responsible for dealing with international cooperation and exchanges in higher education: Department for International Relations, Ministry of Education and Research 30 General Berthelot
Street Tel: +40(21) 310 4319 Fax: +40(21) 312 6614 WWW: http://www.edu.ro Participation of country in multilateral or bilateral higher education programmes Name of exchange programme: CEEPUS Name of exchange programme: COPERNICUS Name of exchange programme: EURECA Name of exchange programme: LEONARDO Name of exchange programme: PECO Name of exchange programme: PHARE Name of exchange programme: SOCRATES Name of exchange programme: TEMPUS Name of exchange programme: YOUTH FOR EUROPE GRADING SYSTEM Usual grading system in secondary school Full Description: A 10-point grading system is used in upper secondary school: 10 - 1. Highest on scale: 10 Pass/fail level: 5 Lowest on scale: 1 Main grading system used by higher education institutions Full Description: A 10-point grading system is used in the higher education system: 10 -1. Highest on scale: 10 Pass/fail level: 5 Lowest on scale: 1 Other main grading systems A system of transferable credits (ECTS) has been introduced for the main universities of Romania. NOTES ON HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM Data for academic year: 2004-2005 Source: National Centre for Recognition and Equivalence of Diplomas, Ministry of Education and Research, Bucharest, 2005
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