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Education System of Pakistan
INSTITUTION TYPES & CREDENTIALS Types of higher education institutions: University College Institute Centre Open University Virtual University School leaving and higher education credentials: Secondary School Certificate (Matriculation) Higher Secondary School Certificate (Intermediate Certificate) Diploma Bachelor's Degree (Honours) Bachelor's Degree (Pass) Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Master of Philosophy Doctor's Degree STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION SYSTEM Pre-higher education: Duration of compulsory education: Age of entry: 6 Age of exit: 17 Structure of school system: Primary Type of school providing this education: Primary School Length of program in years: 5 Age level from: 6 to: 10 Middle Type of school providing this education: Middle School Length of program in years: 3 Age level from: 11 to: 13 Secondary Type of school providing this education: Secondary School Length of program in years: 2 Age level from: 14 to: 15 Certificate/diploma awarded: Secondary School Certificate Technical Secondary Type of school providing this education: Technical Secondary School Age level from: 16 to: 18 Certificate/diploma awarded: Secondary School Certificate (in Technical Subjects) Higher Secondary Type of school providing this education: Intermediate Colleges Length of program in years: 2 Age level from: 16 to: 17 Certificate/diploma awarded: Intermediate Certificate or Higher Secondary School Certificate School education: Primary education lasts for five years. Secondary education is divided into three cycles: three years' middle school, two years' secondary and two years' higher secondary. On completion of the second cycle, pupils take the Secondary School Certificate. Pupils may then study for a further two years or three years in the case of technical education, specializing in Science, Arts or in technical and vocational studies. At the end of this period, pupils take the examinations for the Intermediate Certificate/Higher Secondary School Certificate/Diploma of Associate Engineering. Vocational secondary courses lead to the Higher Secondary School Certificate or a Diploma in technical/vocational subjects. Higher education: Since 2002, the Higher Education Commission (HEC) is enpowered to carry out evaluation, improvement and promotion of higher education, research and development, to formulate policies, guiding principles and priorities for higher education institutions and to prescribe conditions under which institutions, including those that are not part of the State educational system, may be opened and operated.The mandate of HEC encompasses all degree granting universities and institutions, both in public and private sectors and supports the attainment of quality education by facilitating and co-ordinating self-assessment of academic programmes and their external review by national and international experts. HEC also supervises the planning, development and accreditation of public and private sector higher education institutions.Its goal is to facilitate the reform process. Main laws/decrees governing higher education: Decree: Higher Education Commission Ordinance Year: 2002 Academic year: Classes from: Sep to: Aug Long vacation from: Jul to: Aug Languages of instruction: English, Urdu Stages of studies: Non-university level post-secondary studies (technical/vocational type): Non-university level: Polytechnics, technical and commercial institutes and colleges offer courses at Post-Secondary School Certificate level. They provide courses that generally last for two to three years and lead to Certificates and Diplomas in commercial and technical fields. University level studies: University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree: Bachelor's Pass Degrees are normally obtained after a two-year course and Honours Degrees after a four-year course in Arts, Science, Commerce, Engineering, and Computer Science and a five-year course in DVM, Pharmacy, Medicine and Architecture. University level second stage: Master's Degree, B.Ed., LLB: A Master's Degree (16 years of education) requires two years of study after the Bachelor's Degree (pass). For Master's (honours) Degree it takes 1 and a half to 2 years for 4-year Bachelor's Degrees in Agriculture, Engineering, Pharmacy, Medical studies, etc. These degrees are equated to M.Phil Degrees. B.ed. requires one-year study beyond a Bachelor's Degree (pass). The LLB is a three-year post Bachelor's Degree (pass) qualification. Postgraduate diplomas are offered in various fields of studies by many universities and generally require one-year study. University level third stage: M.Phil., Ph.D.: The Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) takes two years after the Master's Degree. It is a research-based programme that also requires a thesis. The Ph.D. (Doctorate of Philosophy) is a research degree which requires, on average, three years' study/research after the M.Phil. degree and 4 to 5 years study/research after the Master's Degree. University level fourth stage: Doctor's Degree: The degrees of Doctor of Literature (D.Litt.), Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) and Doctor of Law (LLD) are awarded after five to seven years of study. Teacher education: Training of pre-primary and primary/basic school teachers Primary Teaching Certificate (P.T.C) for primary school teachers (one year programme). Certificate of Teaching (C.T) for middle teachers (one year programme). Training of secondary school teachers Secondary school teachers are trained in a one-year Postgraduate course leading to a B.Ed Degree. The Master of Education (M.Ed) Degree requires a further one year of study after the B.Ed. Training of higher education teachers HEC Learning Innovation Section organizes the following in-service training programmes for University and College teachers :1. 12 days curriculum-based in-service training programmes;2. 3 months faculty development programmes;3. 6 days English language teaching courses. Non-traditional studies: Distance higher education Distance higher education is offered by the Allama Iqbal Open University and the Virtual University of Pakistan. The first provides a wide range of courses at different levels in Humanities, Teacher Education, Technical Education, Business Management, Commerce, Social Sciences, Arabic, Pakistan Studies, Islamic Studies, and Home Economics and Women's Studies. It uses multi-media techniques, such as correspondence packages, radio and television broadcasts, tutorial instruction... The second is specifically established to cater for the needs of students at tertiary level of education in the field of computer science and provides on-line knowledge-based instruction.
NATIONAL BODIES Administration & co-ordination: Responsible authorities: Ministry of Education Head: Lt Gen Javed Ashraf Qazi, Minister Block
"D" Pak. Secretariat Tel: +92(51) 2212020 Fax: +92(51) 9201392 EMail: pak@yahoo.com Higher Education Commission Head: Dr Atta-ur-Rehman, Chairman Administrative officer: Dr Syed Sohail H. Naqvi, Executive Director International relations: Mr Abdul Haleem Asghar, Director General Sector
H-9 Tel: +92(51) 9290130; 9040000 Fax: +92(51) 9290128 EMail: chairman@hec.gov.pk WWW: http://www.hec.gov.pk Role of governing body: Governing body for the promotion and improvement of higher education in Pakistan. ADMISSIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION Admission to non university higher education studies Name of secondary school credential required: Secondary School Certificate (Matriculation) Minimum score/requirement: 45% For entry to: For all institutions Alternatives to credentials: Shahadatul Sanvia Aama Admission to university-level studies Name of secondary school credential required: Higher Secondary School Certificate (Intermediate Certificate) Minimum score/requirement: 45% For entry to: Bachelors' degree (Pass/Hons) Alternatives to credentials: Shahadatul Sanvia Khasa Entrance exams required: A National Test is required for entry to Engineering, Medicine and Architecture. Some universities also conduct their own admission tests. Foreign students admission Definition of foreign student: A student who does not hold Pakistani nationality falls in the category of foreign student. Quotas: 5% of total seats are reserved for foreign students. Admission requirements: Foreign students should submit details concerning previous studies and qualifications within 45 days from the last date fixed for receiving applications. Applications must be sponsored by candidates' governments and forwarded through embassies in Islamabad or through Pakistan embassies abroad. Entry regulations: After being admitted, foreign students are required to send an admission letter to the Embassy of Pakistan in their respective countries. A visa will be issued and the university concerned will provide hostel facilities. For other expenditures, studentsl must present their financial guarantee certificate. Health requirements: Admitted foreign students have to produce a medical certificate issued by a government medical officer of their respective countries. Language requirements: Good knowledge of English is essential for all regular students. Application procedures: Apply to: Embassy of Pakistan/National Embassy in Pakistan Recognition of studies & qualifications: Studies pursued in home country (System of recognition/accreditation): The Higher Education Commission (http://www.hec.gov.pk)validates/recognizes and accredits educational qualifications and higher education institutions in the country. Studies pursued in foreign countries (bodies dealing with recognition of foreign credentials): Higher Education Commission Head: Atta-ur-Rehman, Chairman Sector
H-9 Tel: +92(51) 9290130/ 9040000 Fax: +92(51) 9290128 EMail: chairman@hec.gov.pk WWW: http://www.hec.gov.pk Deals with credential recognition for entry to: University Services provided & students dealt with: Services of equivalence and accreditation of credentials. Special provisions for recognition: For access to non-university post-secondary studies: The Intermediate Board of Chairman Committee (IBCC) deals with equivalence and accreditation of non university certificates. For access to university level studies: IBCC For access to advanced studies and research: Higher Education Commission (HEC) For the exercise of a profession: Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC); Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) STUDENT LIFE Health/social provisions Social security for home students: No Special student travel fares: By road: Yes By rail: Yes Student expenses and financial aid Student costs: Average living costs: 96000 (Pakistan Rupee) Home students tuition fees: Minimum: 6000 (Pakistan Rupee) Maximum: 400000 (Pakistan Rupee) Foreign students tuition fees: Minimum: 40000 (Pakistan Rupee) Maximum: 400000 (Pakistan Rupee) Bodies providing information on student financial aid: Economic Affairs Division Block C Pak
Secretariat Tel: +92(51) 9201868 Fax: +92(51) 9205971 Higher Education Commission Sector H-9 Tel: +92(51) 9290130/ 9040000 Fax: +92(51) 9290128 EMail: ed@hec.gov.pk WWW: http://www.hec.gov.pk Ministry of Education Block D Pak.
Secretariat Tel: +92(51) 2212020 Fax: +92(51) 9201392 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION & EXCHANGES Principal national bodies responsible for dealing with international cooperation and exchanges in higher education: Higher Education Commission Head: Dr Atta-ur-Rehman, Chairman Sector
H-9 Tel: +92(51) 9290130 Fax: +92(51) 9290128 EMail: chairman@hec.gov.pk WWW: http://www.hec.gov.pk GRADING SYSTEM Usual grading system in secondary school Full Description: A-F (Division I = 60% +; Division II = 45-59.9; Division III = 33-44.9; Fail = below 33) Highest on scale: A (1st Div.) Pass/fail level: E (3d Div.) Lowest on scale: F (fail) Main grading system used by higher education institutions Full Description: Division I 60% +; Division II 45-59.9; Division III 33-44.9; Fail below 33 Highest on scale: 1st Div. Pass/fail level: 3d Div. Lowest on scale: Fail Other main grading systems A-D NOTES ON HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM Data for academic year: 2005-2006 Source: IAU from Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, 2006
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