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Education System of Indonesia
INSTITUTION TYPES & CREDENTIALS Types of higher education institutions: Universitas (University) Institut (Institute) Sekolah Tinggi (School) Akademi (Academy) Polteknik (Polytechnics) School leaving and higher education credentials: Sekolah Menengah Atas Diploma Sarjana (S1) Magister (S2) Doktor (S3) STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION SYSTEM Pre-higher education: Duration of compulsory education: Age of entry: 7 Age of exit: 15 Structure of school system: Basic First Stage Type of school providing this education: Elementary School Length of program in years: 6 Age level from: 7 to: 12 Basic Second Stage Type of school providing this education: Junior Secondary School Length of program in years: 3 Age level from: 13 to: 15 Upper Secondary Type of school providing this education: General Senior Secondary School Length of program in years: 3 Age level from: 16 to: 18 Certificate/diploma awarded: Surat Tanda Tamat Belajar Sekolah Menegah Unum (Certificate of completion of upper secondary school) Vocational Secondary Type of school providing this education: Vocational senior Secondary Schools Length of program in years: 3 Age level from: 16 to: 18 School education: Basic education in Indonesia consists of 9 years of compulsory education. Primary education lasts for six years. Secondary education is divided into junior (Sekolah Menengah Tingkat Pertama -SMTP), senior (Sekolah Menengah Tingkat Atas -SMTA) and vocational/technical education. Junior secondary school covers three years and is part of the basic general education programme also covering the six years of primary education. Senior secondary school also covers three years. There are several types of secondary schools: general, islamic and vocational. Sekolah Menengah Atas is divided into three sessions. In the third year of senior secondary school, students choose between Natural Sciences, Social Sciences and Languages (Bahasa). Graduates of the senior secondary schools obtain the Sekolah Menengah Atas which is a prerequisite for access to higher education (together with an entrance exam). Higher education: There are several types of institution: Universities, both private and public, which are recognized by the Ministry of National Education; institutes and teacher training institutes (Institut Kegurun dan ilmu pendidikan or IKIPs) which rank as universities with full degree-granting status; Islamic institutes, which have the same rank as universities but come under the Ministry of Religious Affairs; schools (Sekolah Tinggi), both public and private, which offer academic and professional university-level education in one particular discipline; single-faculty academies which offer Diploma/Certificate technician-level courses at public and private levels; and polytechnics, which are attached to universities and provide sub-degree junior technician training. The private universities come under the responsibility of the Directorate of Private Universities within the Directorate General of Higher Education. The Ministry of National Education, through the Directorate General of Higher Education, exercises authority over both state and private institutions. State institutions are financed by the central government, although provincial governments may also provide funds. Main laws/decrees governing higher education: Decree: National Education Act No. 20 Year: 2003 Decree: National Education Law Year: 1989 Concerns: all Academic year: Classes from: Jul to: Jun Languages of instruction: Indonesian Stages of studies: Non-university level post-secondary studies (technical/vocational type): Non-university level: Higher technical/vocational education is offered by Akademi, which are single-faculty academies which confer Diploma level qualifications (up to three years' study) and in Polytechnics which also confer Diplomas. Diploma programmes are considered to be professional rather than academic. University level studies: University level first stage: Sarjana (S1): The Sarjana (Strata Satu) is awarded after four years of full-time study at a recognized university, institute or school. Students must obtain 144 credits. For Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Science, Pharmacy and Engineering, an additional two to six semesters must be added. Degree Certificates usually bear the inscription Sarjana followed by the subject. A minimum of 144 credits are needed to graduate. University level second stage: Magister (S2): The Magister (Stata Dua) is awarded after a further two years' study plus research. Some 36-50 credits beyond S1are required to graduate. University level third stage: Doktor (S3): The Doktor (Strata Tiga) takes another two to four years beyond the Magister. In some cases, students can pursue Doktor degree programmes immediately after the first degree, depending on their potential. The Doktor degree is the highest award conferred by Indonesian universities or institutes. There is a residential requirement for 2 years and students must pass the examinations that are organized every year to check their research progress. Teacher education: Training of pre-primary and primary/basic school teachers Primary school teachers are trained at IKIPs where they follow two-year courses leading to the award of a Diploma. Training of secondary school teachers Junior secondary school teachers are trained at post-secondary level in two-year programmes at IKIPs leading to the award of a Diploma. Both Diplomas (DII, DIII) and Degrees (SI, SII, and SIII) are conferred to IKIP graduates. Each programme includes twenty credit hours in Education and entitles graduates to teach according to their qualifications. Education students are awarded a Teaching Certificate (AKTA I to IV) together with their Diploma or Degree. Senior secondary school teachers are trained at post-secondary level in four-and-a-half year courses at the IKIPs leading to the award of the Sarjana. Faculties for technical teacher training exist at several IKIPs, awarding Diploma and Sarjana qualifications. NATIONAL BODIES Administration & co-ordination: Responsible authorities: Ministry of National Education Head: Bambang Sudibyo, Minister Jalan
Jenderal Sudirman - Senayan Tel: +62(21) 573 1618 Fax: +62(21) 573 6870 WWW: http://www.pdk.go.id Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi (Directorate-General of Higher Education), Ministry of National Education Head: Satryo Soemantri Brodjonegoro, Director-General Jalan
Pintu Satu, Senayan Tel: +62(21) 573 1436 Fax: +62(21) 573 1466 EMail: admin@dikti.org WWW: http://www.dikti.org Role of governing body: Executing authority for both public and private higher education institutions. ADMISSIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION Admission to non university higher education studies Name of secondary school credential required: Sekolah Menengah Atas Entrance exams required: Entrance examination for polytechnics. Admission to university-level studies Name of secondary school credential required: Sekolah Menengah Atas Entrance exams required: Students must sit for the National Entrance Examination (Ujian Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri). There are two options: Social Sciences (IPS) and Natural Sciences (IPA). Secondary school graduates from Physics and Biology streams can apply to any department; those from Social Sciences and Humanities are restricted to non-Science and non-Technology fields. Recognition of studies & qualifications: Studies pursued in foreign countries (bodies dealing with recognition of foreign credentials): Directorate of Academic and Student Affairs / Direktorat Pembinaan Sarana Akademik Jalan Jenderal
Suderman Tel: +62(21) 573 1983 Fax: +62(21) 573 1903 References to further information on foreign student admissions and recognition of studies Title: Handbook on Diplomas, Degrees and other Certificates in Higher Education in Asia and the Pacific Publisher: UNESCO PROAP Year of publication: 1998 STUDENT LIFE National student associations and unions ISAFIS - Indonesian Student Association for International Studies J1 Menteng Atas
Selatan III No. 1 Tel: +62(21) 619 8894 Fax: +62(21) 619 8894 EMail: isafis@usa.net WWW: http://come.to/isafis GRADING SYSTEM Usual grading system in secondary school Full Description: 10-1; 10 excellent; 9 very good; 8 good; 7 above average; 6 average; 5 below average; 4-1 fail Highest on scale: 10 Pass/fail level: 6 Lowest on scale: 1 Main grading system used by higher education institutions Full Description: A credit system is used an it is essential to see the academic transcript in addition to the degree certificate. Akademi (Diploma) 120 credits; Politeknik (Diploma) 120 credits; Sekolah Tinggi 144-160 credits; Institut 144-160 credits; Universities S1 144-160 credits; S2 180-194 credits; S3 230 credits Other main grading systems Students are given a Grade Point Average (GPA) on completion of their studies. For S1 the minimum requirement is 2.0; for S2: 2.5; for S3: 3.0. The grading is on a scale of 1-4 and D-A with 2 and C as pass marks. NOTES ON HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM Data for academic year: 2004-2005 Source: International Association of Universities (IAU), updated from IBE website, 2003 and documentation, 2005 Note on Higher Education Institutions: Also 563 other Sekolah Tinggi, 403 Akademi and 72 Politeknik for which names and details were communicated too late for inclusion.
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