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Education System of Egypt
INSTITUTION TYPES & CREDENTIALS Types of higher education institutions: State University Private University State Higher Institute Private Higher Institute State Middle (Intermediate) Institute (Post-secondary) Private Middle (Intermediate) Institute (Post-secondary) State Academy Private Academy Military Academy Open University School leaving and higher education credentials: Technical Education School Certificate Thanaweya Am'ma Primary-School Teacher's Certificate Technician's Diploma Diploma Baccalaureos High Diploma Magistr Diplôme d'Etudes professionnelles approfondies Doktora STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION SYSTEM Pre-higher education: Duration of compulsory education: Age of entry: 6 Age of exit: 14 Structure of school system: Primary Type of school providing this education: Primary School Length of program in years: 6 Age level from: 6 to: 12 Certificate/diploma awarded: Primary School Certificate Preparatory Type of school providing this education: Preparatory School Length of program in years: 3 Age level from: 12 to: 15 Certificate/diploma awarded: Basic Education Completion Certificate General Secondary Type of school providing this education: General Secondary School Length of program in years: 3 Age level from: 15 to: 18 Certificate/diploma awarded: Thanaweya a' Amma (General Secondary Education Certificate (GSEC) Technical Secondary Type of school providing this education: Technical Secondary School (for technicians) Length of program in years: 3 Age level from: 15 to: 18 Certificate/diploma awarded: Technical Education Diploma Technical Type of school providing this education: Technical Secondary School (for high level technicians) Length of program in years: 5 Age level from: 15 to: 20 Certificate/diploma awarded: Advanced Technical Diploma School education: Compulsory education lasts for nine grades and is known as "basic education", split into two stages, primary school (Grades 1 -6) and preparatory school (Grades 7-9). It leads to the award of the Basic Education Completion Certificate. Following the nine-year basic education, pupils have the choice of entering a general secondary school (academic option) or a technical option including three- and five-year technical schools as well as experimental schools teaching languages, education and physical education. Only general secondary school graduates (academic option) may be admitted to university after obtaining their General Secondary Education Certificate (GSEC) or an Advanced Technical Diploma with scores above 75%. However, since 1991, some graduates from technical schools have been allowed to enter higher education. Higher education: Higher education is provided by universities and higher institutes of technical and professional training, both public and private. Responsibility for higher education lies mainly with the Ministry of Higher Education. Organization and administration, as well as academic programmes, are determined by laws, decrees and government regulations. The State universities are under the authority of the Supreme Council of Universities. Universities have full academic and administrative autonomy. They also carry out scientific research. The higher institutes of professional and technical training award qualifications equivalent to the first qualification conferred by the universities. Open college education was introduced at the universities of Cairo, Alexandria and Assiut in 1991. Private universities are entitled to implement their own criteria of admission and to set fees without intervention from the Ministry. Main laws/decrees governing higher education: Decree: Law 101/1992 Year: 1992 Concerns: Private Universities Decree: Law 49/1972 Year: 1972 Concerns: Universities Decree: Law 52/1970 Year: 1970 Concerns: Higher Institutes Academic year: Classes from: Oct to: Jun Long vacation from: 1 Jul to: 30 Sep Languages of instruction: Arabic, English, French Stages of studies: Non-university level post-secondary studies (technical/vocational type): Non-university level: Non-university level post-secondary education is offered by industrial, commercial and technical institutes providing two-year courses leading to a Diploma in Accountancy, Secretarial Work, Insurance, Computer or Health Sciences and Electronics. Holders of a Technical Education Diploma in commercial, industrial and agricultural fields may be admitted to these technical institutes. Holders of an Advanced Technical Diploma, whose score is 75% and above may be admitted to Higher Institutes of similar specializations. Studies last for four to five years. University level studies: University level first stage: The first stage of higher education consists of four to six years of multidisciplinary study in basic subjects. They lead to the award of the Baccalaureos degree. In Medicine, studies last for six years, with one additional year of practical work. University level second stage: The second stage is more specialized and comprises two to five years of training in individual research work culminating in the submission of a thesis. The degree awarded is that of Magistr. University level third stage: The third stage leads to the Doktora (PhD) after at least two years' study following the Magistr (Master's Degree). Students must have obtained the mark "good" in the Master's Degree. It is awarded for advanced research work culminating in a thesis. In Medicine, a Doktora in Medical Sciences may be prepared concurrently with the professional Doctor of Medicine Degree. University level fourth stage: In certain rare cases, after the Doktora, a degree of Doctor of Science is awarded. It is reserved for researchers who have undertaken a substantial body of research work. Teacher education: Training of pre-primary and primary/basic school teachers Primary school teachers must hold a qualification from a University Faculty of Education. There is also a distance learning programme to upgrade, through the medium of Arabic, primary school teachers who do not hold a degree.The course leads to a BEd in Primary Education. Training of secondary school teachers Secondary school teachers are trained in the Faculties of Education of the universities in four years and in higher teacher-training colleges. Both preparatory and general secondary teachers follow the same course which leads to the Bachelor Degree. Graduates who hold a four-year university degree can also teach at secondary level after following a one-year postgraduate course at the Faculty of Education where they are awarded the General Diploma. Teachers of technical education are trained at special faculties. Training of higher education teachers Higher education teachers are required to hold at least a Magistr in the field of higher education. Non-traditional studies: Distance higher education The Egyptian University for Distance Learning is being established. Lifelong higher education In some ministries full- or part-time in-service training is organized periodically. Non-formal studies are offered by universities in the form of refresher courses and evening or correspondence courses. NATIONAL BODIES Administration & co-ordination: Responsible authorities: Ministry of Higher Education Head: Amr Ezzat Salama, Minister 101, Kasr
Al-Aini Street Tel: +202 795 2155/ 794 8404/ 795 6962 Fax: +202 791 1005/ 794 2556 EMail: info@egy-mhe.gov.eg WWW: http://www.egy-mhe.gov.eg Role of governing body: Coordinates and supervises post-secondary education Supreme Council of Universities Head: Amr Ezzat Salama, Higher Education Minister and SCU Chairman Administrative officer: Abdallah Barakat, Secretary-General Cairo
University Buildings Tel: +20(2) 573 2727/ 573 8583 Fax: +20(2) 572 8722 EMail: info@mailer.eun.eg WWW: http://www.scu.eun.eg Role of governing body: Determines the overall policy of higher education and scientific research in the universities and determines the number of students admitted in each faculty. ADMISSIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION Admission to non university higher education studies Name of secondary school credential required: Technical Education School Certificate Minimum score/requirement: 70% For entry to: Technical institutes Admission to university-level studies Name of secondary school credential required: Thanaweya Am'ma Minimum score/requirement: 70% or above For entry to: Universities and higher specialized institutes Alternatives to credentials: Secondary school students holders of an Advanced Technical Education may enter university Higher Institutes in their speciality if they have obtained scores of at least 75%. Numerus clausus/restrictions: The Supreme Council of Universities at the Ministry of Higher Education determines the number of students to be admitted by the faculties of each university. Foreign students admission Admission requirements: Foreign students should have qualifications equivalent to the Thanaweya A'amma or a university degree. Entry regulations: Foreign students must obtain a student visa. Language requirements: Knowledge of Arabic is essential for regular university studies. English is the language of instruction at the American University in Cairo, some faculties of Helwan University and at the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Alexandria. French is the language of instruction at Senghor University. Application procedures: Apply to national body for entry to: Universities Apply to: Supreme Council of Universities Cairo University
Buildings Tel: +20(2) 573-8583 Fax: +20(2) 582-8722 Telex: 92312 frcu un EMail: info@mailer.eun.eg WWW: http://www.scu.eun.eg Recognition of studies & qualifications: Studies pursued in foreign countries (bodies dealing with recognition of foreign credentials): Ministry of Higher Education 101 Kasr Al-Aini
Street Tel: +20(2) 795-2155 Fax: +20(2) 794-2556 Telex: 92312 frcu un EMail: info@egy-mhe.gov.eg WWW: http://www.egy-mhe.gov.eg Services provided & students dealt with: Provides information on the admission of foreign students to universities and higher institutes. Supreme Council of Universities Administrative officer: Abdallah Barakat, Secretary-General Cairo
University Buildings Tel: +20(2) 573-8583 Fax: +20(2) 582-8722 Telex: 92312 frcu un EMail: info@mailer.eun.eg WWW: http://www.scu.eun.eg Services provided & students dealt with: Provides information on admission to universities. Multilateral agreements concerning recognition of foreign studies Name of agreement: Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Certificates, Diplomas and Degrees in Higher Education in the Arab and European States Bordering on the Mediterranean Year of signature: 1976 Name of agreement: Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Certificates, Diplomas, Degrees and Other Academic Qualifications in Higher Education in the African States Year of signature: 1981 Name of agreement: Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees in Higher Education in the Arab States Year of signature: 1978 References to further information on foreign student admissions and recognition of studies Title: A guide for the use of foreign students Publisher: Students' Welfare Department STUDENT LIFE Student expenses and financial aid Bodies providing information on student financial aid: Supreme Council of Universities Administrative officer: Abdallah Barakat, Secretary-General Cairo
University Buildings Tel: +20(2) 573-8583 Fax: +20(2) 582-8722 Telex: 92312 frcu un EMail: info@mailer.eun.eg WWW: http://www.scu.eun.eg Category of students: African, Asian and Arab nationals. Publications on student services and financial aid: Title: Study Abroad 2004-2005, 32nd Edition Author: UNESCO Publisher: UNESCO Publishing Year of publication: 2003 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION & EXCHANGES Principal national bodies responsible for dealing with international cooperation and exchanges in higher education: Ministry of Higher Education 101, Kasr Al-Aini
Street Tel: +20(2) 794-2556 Fax: +20(2) 796-3722 Telex: 92312 frcu un EMail: info@egy-mhe.gov.eg WWW: http://www.egy-mhe.gov.eg Participation of country in multilateral or bilateral higher education programmes Name of exchange programme: Agreement Concerning Scholarships For Studying German Language in Austria Name of exchange programme: Agreement Concerning Training of Language Teachers in Spain GRADING SYSTEM Usual grading system in secondary school Full Description: 75-100: distinguished, excellent, very good; 65-74: good; 50-64: pass; 0-49: poor Highest on scale: 75-100: distinguished Pass/fail level: 50-64: pass Lowest on scale: 0-49: poor Main grading system used by higher education institutions Full Description: 75-100: distinguished, excellent, very good; 65-74: good; 50-64: pass; 0-49: poor Highest on scale: 75-100 Distinguished Pass/fail level: 50-64 Pass (60 - 64 for medical sciences) Lowest on scale: 0-49 Poor NOTES ON HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM Data for academic year: 2002-2003 Source: Ministry of Higher Education, Cairo, 2003 (except for governing bodies, updated 2005) Note on Higher Education Institutions: Also 24 Technical Commercial Institutes, 21 Technical Industrial Institutes, and 11 other Intermediate Institutes offering 2-year Diplomas.
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